Biopharma

‘Antibody’ the heart of defence system Immunity—the state of protection from infectious disease has less specific component , innate immunity, provides the first line of defence against infection and are present before the onset of infection it involves skin, mucous membrane, physiologic barriers (Temperature, pH, Lysozyme, Interferon,) Phagocytic and endocytic barriers, Inflammatory barrier. In contrast to innate immunity other is more specific component , adaptive immunity (acquired immunity) does not come into play until there is an antigenic challenge to the organism it involves humoral immunity (antibody) and cellular immunity (T-cells and macrophage). When an antigen invade into body it is digested by cells and presented by cells on its surface, this altered cells present antigen. To this altered cells MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules bound, MHC II bounded cells are responsible for the activation of T helper cell (TH). Activated TH cells release cytokines

Role of plasma proteins in “HUMAN” An adult human have approximately 5.0L blood, it consists of plasma (55-60%) and blood cells (40-45%). Plasma is nothing but serum consisting clotting factor like fibrinogen while blood cells contains RBC (Erythrocytes), WBC (Leukocytes) and platelets(Thrombocytes).  Mainly three plasma proteins are taken into count Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen.  Globulin have four types which can be separated on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation coefficient, these are: α1-Globulin (α1-Fetoprotein, α1-Antitrypsin), α2-Globulin (α2-Macroglobulin, Haptoglobin),β-Globulin (Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin), γ-Globulin (Antibodies). Albumin - Albumin is the major constitute of plasma proteins with a concentration 3.5-5.0g/dl. Liver is the organ from which it produces and around 12g albumin per day was produced by it. Albumin has a half-life 20 days. Function:- 1) Osmotic function-Due to high concentration and low molecular weight i