Biopharma

  CORONA VIRUS: - Corona virus was discovered in 1960s. The thought at that time, they are responsible for mild disease of respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans with strain HCoV 229E and HCoV OC43. That change in 2003 as SARS ( Pandemic) and in 2012 as MERS {Ref ncbi.nlm.nih.gov} - Seven of this viruses can infect the people: (1) 229E (2) NL63 (3) OC43 (4) HKU1 (5) MERS-CoV (6) SARS-CoV (7) SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.   {Ref webmd.com} VIRUS LIFECYCLE and Drug Target : As shows in above figure virus enter into the cells and goes to different stages of life cycle and come outs by exocytosis. DRUGS: Direct Acting: 1) Hydroxychlorouine (HCQ): In 1956 USFDA approved HCQ for symptoms lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. (Ref Lupus.org) During first wave of SARS-CoV-2, HCQ got the emergency use authorization for this disease but after solidarity trial (international clinical trials) it found ineffective. (Ref  WHO) HCQ acts by suppressing Toll-like receptors to trigger important i